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Term |
Definition |
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Major types of legal system |
Common law判例法 The law that unwritten but based on the present
judicial case, also known as case law. 不成文但以现有司法案例为基础的法律，也称为判例法。
Civil law 民事法 The Written law that applicable to all citizens
equally and based on statutory and legal codes. Usually related with civil
conflict, property, family relation and so on. 以成文法典为基础，平等适用于所有公民的成文法. 通常与民事冲突、财产、家庭关系等有关。
Religious law宗教法 Law that based on primary sources of religion
tradition, ethical and moral codes. 基于宗教传统、伦理和道德准则的主要来源的法律。
Mixed System混合系统 integrating of two or more political system that
operating together. 两个或多个共同运作的政治制度的整合。 |
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Component/Issues of Import and export |
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Taxes and quotas ·
Subsidies ·
Trade agreement ·
Currency risk ·
Supply chain ·
Customs culture
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Factors affect sourcing Decision |
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Locations ·
Quantity and quality ·
Responsiveness/ elasticity/ and scalability ·
Landed cost到岸成本 ·
Capability ·
Financial ·
After sales service / value-added services ·
Communication ·
Rule and regulation ·
relationship |
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5 steps how marketer apply positioning
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Commonly, positioning could divide into 5 steps:
1.Target market
positioning Analyze target market and segmentation, to
understand who you serve to and find out which is the most suitable consumer
to target. 分析目标市场和细分，以了解您的服务对象并找出最适合定位的消费者。 “你想要的市场是什么？高端低端中端？”
2.Product demand
positioning To understand what the consumer actually wants and
need to ensure fulfilling their demand for further product development and
creation. 了解消费者想要和需要什么，以确保满足他们对进一步产品开发和创造的需求。 “你的用户想要的是什么？满足什么需求“
3.Product satisfying positioning To Analyze the satisfaction of consumer from the
product and services whether it have fulfilled consumer demand or not. More
to an investigation the psychological and behavioral level. 分析消费者对产品和服务是否满足消费者需求的满意度。 更多的是调查心理和行为层面。 “怎么让你的用户更喜欢你的产品如偏好某种颜色形状等等”
4.Differentiated value point positioning Enhance focusing on creating the uniqueness of the
product while solving consumer demand. It could differentiate from consumer
type, competitive brand comparison, comprehensive positioning, etc. 在解决消费者需求的同时，加强专注于创造产品的独特性。 它可以区分消费者类型，竞争品牌比较，综合定位等。 “为社么用户从那么多同类型的种产品选择你的产品?”
5.Marketing mix positioning Designing a marketing mix in term of combining the
price, promotion, product, places, channel, and so on to enhance the
effectiveness of positioning. 结合价格、促销、产品、场所、渠道等设计营销组合，提升定位效果。 “如何结合不同的营销方式组合让你的产品更加独特?”
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