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No. |
question |
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What is reliability
in research methodology? And the threat for validity in Research |
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What is the
function and preparation of writing Critical Review in the research
methodology? |
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Term |
Definition |
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The common type of question
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Fixed-alternative
question封闭式问题 It refers to listing out all the
potential answer and giving it to the answerer to choose the most appropriate
answer which fit with their mindset. This type of question would be more
suitable for simple question which does not need complex answers, also it
was easier for data processing and analyzing. However, it may mislead and
affect the participant's mindset which cause inaccuracy of answer and result
for research. 它是指列出所有可能的答案，然后将其交给回答者以选择最适合他们心态的答案。这类题型更适合不需要复杂答案的简单题型，也更便于数据处理和分析。但是，它可能会误导和影响参与者的心态，从而导致研究的答案和结果不准确。
Open-ended question开放式问题 It refers to not providing any
particular or specific answer to the participant and letting the participant freely descript their answer. These types of questions could be more flexible
and have higher adaptability, but it was usually hard to standardize the answer
which will cause the processing of data to become harder for analyzing. 它是指不向参与者提供任何特定或具体的答案，并让参与者自由地描述他们的答案。
这些类型的问题可能更灵活，适应性更高，但通常很难标准化答案，这会导致数据处理变得更难分析。
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Construct reliability 建构可信度
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It refers to the building process of
credibility of the research’s result through the accumulation of attestation to
measures, verify, and prove the result. For example, the researcher will repeat
the experiment with the same variable to ensure the sustainability and stability of
the result. Can be simply explained as the repeated confirmation of the
reproducibility of experimental results. 它是指通过积累对测量的证明、验证和证明结果来建立研究结果的可信度。
例如，研究人员会以相同的变量重复实验，以确保结果的持续稳定。
可以简单地解释为对实验结果的重复性的反复确认。
How to measures
reliability: 1.Test-retest reliability 2. Equivalent-forms method 3. Kuder-Richardson reliability 4. Split-half method
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Construct validity 建构有效度 |
The process of analyzing and evaluating
the effectiveness and relationship between the results and theoretical
frameworks. Can be simply explained as evaluating the relativity and
consistency of the measures. 分析和评估结果与理论框架之间的有效性和关系的过程。
可以简单地解释为衡量度量的相关性和一致性。
How to measures
construct validity: Asking a series of related questions
which cover a different aspect of the main question mutual confirmation. For
example, years of born, and ages. 提出一系列相关问题，涵盖主要问题相互确认的不同方面。
例如，出生年份和年龄。
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4 Scale of measurement. 测量尺度 |
Nominal scale名义 Use for name and categorize the
value. It was only equal or not equal, is or not, which is already fixed. For
example, gender, the sample, is male or female. It was not able to compare
the big or small, much or less. 用于名称并对值进行分类。
它只是相等或不相等，是与否，这已经是固定的了。
例如，样本性别是男性还是女性。
它无法比较大小，或多或少。
Ordinal scale有序 Use for clarifying the arrangement,
which could be the numerate order, level, stages, and etc. For example, the ranking of the player in
the competition or games. 用于明确排列顺序，可以是计算顺序、等级、阶段等。例如，玩家在比赛或游戏中的排名。
Interval scale等距 Use to measure/calculate the difference
between the different values. For example, city A consumes 50 thousand foods
per day, and city B consumes 45thousand of foods per day so the interval
scale is 5 thousand. 用于测量/计算不同值之间的差异。
例如，A
市每天消耗
5 万份食物，B 市每天消耗
4.5 万份食物，因此区间规模为 5000 份。
Ratio scale比率 It would be the combination of other scales, especially the interval scale. It also focuses on comparing the value,
but it works with a true meaning of “0”. For example, income, height, weight, and so on. 这将是其他尺度尤其是区间尺度的组合。
它还侧重于比较值，但它适用于真正的“0”含义。
比如收入、身高、体重等。
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