Product Development- Type of Innovation model

 

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Date	Model	Characteristic
1950/1960s	Technology-push 技术推动	A simple linear sequential process: From R&D push the manufacturing to produce and finally is marketing.  The relation is, Marketing responds to manufacturing, manufacturing responds to R&D.   一个简单的线性顺序过程： 从研发推动制造到生产，最后是营销。 关系是，营销响应制造业，制造业响应研发。
The 1970s	Market-pull 市场拉动	A simple linear sequential process: From marketing demand pull on the R&D and manufacturing produce the product. The relation is, manufacturing responds to R&D, R&D responds to marketing.   一个简单的线性顺序过程： 从市场需求拉动研发和制造生产产品。 关系是，制造业响应研发，研发响应营销。
The 1970s	Dominant Design 主导设计	The model proposed by American industrial economist which is James M. Utterback in his book. Dominant design product usually has the advantage of technological leadership, integration. Thus, the first developed technology in the market could affect the market bias towards its own fields and achieve pioneer advantages and dominant position.   美国工业经济学家James M. Utterback在他的书中提出的模型。 主导设计产品通常具有技术领先，集成的优势。 因此，市场上最先开发的技术可能会影响市场对其自身领域的偏见，并获得先驱优势和主导地位。
The 1980s	Coupling model 耦合模型	The coupling model could be considered as an integration of technology-push and market-pull. It tries to recognize the relationship between different elements and information responding to find out the best solution. More emphasis on research and marketing.   耦合模型可以看作是技术推动和市场推动的整合。 它试图识别不同元素和信息响应之间的关系，以找到最佳解决方案。更加注重研究和营销。
The 1990s	Interactive model 交互模式	Also, the combination of the pull and push model, the development of the product will react to the changing of demand and technology improvement, which are more related to external factors.   此外, 通过推拉模型的组合，产品的开发将响应需求的变化和技术的改进，而这些都与外部因素更多相关。
The 1990s	Architectural innovation 构架创新	Architectural innovation refers to the innovation in the structure of the system or mode of action between different components to form an overall design. Sometimes it will also change the Component itself.   结构创新是指在系统结构或不同组件之间的作用方式上形成整体设计的创新。有时它也会改变组件本身。
The 1990s	Network innovation 网络创新	The model that emphasis on accumulatio of knowledge and external linkages   强调知识和外部联系积累的模型
The 2000s	Open innovation 开放式创新	The model that allows the usage of external idea, knowledge, research just like using own internal capabilities, same also using the external and internal channel to jointly expand the market innovation. It has the advantages of lower R&D cost, time, risk, and increasing of rate of success.   该模型允许使用外部思想，知识，研究，就像使用自己的内部功能一样，也可以使用外部和内部渠道共同扩大市场创新。它具有降低研发成本，时间，风险和成功率提高的优点。

 

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