看向世界SpotWorld: 供应链笔记Supply Chain note Part 1 with Chinese Translation

Question	Answer
Important of Supply Chain Flow	Responding time / Cost reducing and effectiveness / Complexity / coordination协调性 / Enhance consumer satisfaction / elasticity 弹性（Resilient Supply Chain）
Pull and Push Distribution in Supply Chain	Push Distribution Traditional Distribution approach. Centralized managing by central warehouse includes distribution time amount, type, etc. Pre-execute and respond before consumer demand. 传统的分销方式。中央仓库集中管理，包括配送时间数量、类型等。在消费者需求之前预先执行并响应。 Advantages: Central warehouse able to coordinate resources to their Sub-warehouse based on collected information and preset the production. Disadvantages: Possible causing excess and shortage of inventory. Pull Distribution Sub-warehouse decides distribution method, amount, and timing, etc. Also known as decentralization management. Execution response after consumer demand. 分仓决定配送方式、数量、时间等，也称为去中心化管理。消费者需求之后才执行并响应。 Advantages: Easier for localization, sub warehouse could have deeper understanding to local consumer demand and preference. So that sub-warehouse could “pull” the stock from central warehouse. Disadvantages: Possible happening of bullwhip effect since delay in communication between distributor, industrial and manufacturer. While few distributors demand increasing for same product may cause stock shortage which directly affect consumer satisfaction.
MRP and DRP in supply chain management	Distribution Requirements planning (DRP) The Distribution system that combines pull and push in the supply chain. For example, by using DELL, 1. PUSH - Dell company pre-order and stock up the raw material and components. Dell produces the product based on total expect demand and stock in central warehouse. 2.PULL - After that, DELL central warehouse only distributes to the sub-warehouse while consumer demand has actually placed. Material Requirement Planning (MRP) The management system based on by using computer to calculate the total expect demand, material, time needed to ensure the coordination and effectiveness and efficiency of production in supply chain. It was useful in minimize stock requirement and decreasing the requirement of operating funds. 该管理系统基于利用计算机计算总的预期需求、材料、时间，以确保供应链中生产的协调性、有效性和效率。它有助于最大限度地减少库存需求和减少运营资金需求。
Stages in Supply Chain	Supplier àManufacturerà DistributoràRetailerà Consumer 1. Supplier Supplier the demand material and components. 2. Manufacturer Process the material and components to become finished products include development, adaptation, and after-sales services. 3. Distributor Distribute, sending and transfer the product to the business area and market. 4. Retailer Retailers use to sell the product to the consumer 5. Consumer The customer that purchases products which are also the only income sources in the supply chain.